RESUMEN
The spread of SARS-CoV-2 and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need for new treatments. Here we report that cannabidiol (CBD) inhibits infection of SARS-CoV-2 in cells and mice. CBD and its metabolite 7-OH-CBD, but not THC or other congeneric cannabinoids tested, potently block SARS-CoV-2 replication in lung epithelial cells. CBD acts after viral entry, inhibiting viral gene expression and reversing many effects of SARS-CoV-2 on host gene transcription. CBD inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in part by up-regulating the host IRE1α RNase endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and interferon signaling pathways. In matched groups of human patients from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative, CBD (100 mg/ml oral solution per medical records) had a significant negative association with positive SARS-CoV-2 tests. This study highlights CBD as a potential preventative agent for early-stage SARS-CoV-2 infection and merits future clinical trials. We caution against use of non-medical formulations including edibles, inhalants or topicals as a preventative or treatment therapy at the present time.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/farmacología , Cannabidiol/farmacología , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunidad Innata/efectos de los fármacos , SARS-CoV-2/efectos de los fármacos , Células A549 , Animales , Antivirales/química , COVID-19/virología , Cannabidiol/química , Cannabidiol/metabolismo , Chlorocebus aethiops , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico/efectos de los fármacos , Endorribonucleasas/genética , Endorribonucleasas/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/virología , Femenino , Regulación Viral de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/fisiología , Humanos , Interferones/metabolismo , Ratones , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , SARS-CoV-2/fisiología , Células Vero , Internalización del Virus/efectos de los fármacos , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19RESUMEN
We developed a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate (CoV-RBD121-NP) comprised of a tobacco mosaic virus-like nanoparticle conjugated to the receptor-binding domain of the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 fused to a human IgG1 Fc domain. CoV-RBD121-NP elicits strong antibody responses in C57BL/6 mice and is stable for up to 12 months at 2-8 or 22-28 °C. Here, we showed that this vaccine induces a strong neutralizing antibody response in K18-hACE2 mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that immunization protects mice from virus-associated mortality and symptomatic disease. Our data indicated that a sufficient pre-existing pool of neutralizing antibodies is required to restrict SARS-CoV-2 replication upon exposure and prevent induction of inflammatory mediators associated with severe disease. Finally, we identified a potential role for CXCL5 as a protective cytokine in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results suggested that disruption of the CXCL5 and CXCL1/2 axis may be important early components of the inflammatory dysregulation that is characteristic of severe cases of COVID-19.